PCOS Explained

This article is part II of a series on “Bad periods” by POKA app.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread hormonal disorder that affects women worldwide. Its effects go beyond infertility concerns. PCOS affects approximately 8–13% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It also affects black women and women of colour more than women of any other race. In this article, we delve into its potential causes, the impact on overall health, and strategies for effective management.

Causes and Risk Factors

PCOS occurs when the ovaries produce excessive male hormones (androgens), disrupting ovulation and leading to the formation of cysts on the ovaries. These cysts are immature eggs that fail to release during the menstrual cycle. This syndrome triggers a range of symptoms, such as irregular or excessively heavy periods, infertility, acne, excess facial and body hair growth, and hair loss on the scalp.

While the precise cause of PCOS remains a mystery, factors like insulin resistance, inflammation, genetics, and environmental influences may play pivotal roles. Some risk factors for developing PCOS include being overweight or obese, having a family history of PCOS, having diabetes or high blood pressure, or having low levels of vitamin D.

Treatment Options

While there's no outright cure, there are various treatments available to manage PCOS symptoms and improve overall health. Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss for overweight individuals, a balanced diet, low in refined carbs but rich in fibre, regular exercise, and stress management could help manage symptoms. Medications, including hormonal birth control pills to regulate periods and lower androgen levels, metformin to enhance insulin sensitivity and ovulation, or clomiphene to stimulate ovulation for those trying to get pregnant, are some viable options. In some cases, surgical interventions like laparoscopic ovarian drilling, employing heat or laser, can reduce androgen-producing tissue in the ovaries.

PCOS goes beyond its effect on periods; it has significant implications for overall well-being. It is not advisable to ignore any potential signs or symptoms of PCOS. Consult a medical professional for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early action helps individuals to mitigate long-term complications, such as diabetes, heart disease, or cancer. If you or anyone you know exhibits signs of PCOS, take the first step—speak to a healthcare provider and embark on the path towards complete well-being. Afterall, knowledge is power!

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Sources:

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²: [Endometriosis - World Health Organization (WHO)](^4^)

³: [Period pain - NHS](^9^)

⁴: [Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Symptoms and causes](^6^)

⁵: [Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic](^5^)

Source: Conversation with Bing, 21/07/2023

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